Knowledge Resources

The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) conducted a study to explore the potential benefits and costs of fully deploying ITS operational strategies in large, medium, and small metropolitan areas. ITS deployment and operations were modeled for Seattle, Cincinnati, and Tucson, respectively. The strategies developed for Seattle and Cincinnati were based on 2003 traffic conditions while those for Tucson were based on traffic conditions forecast for 2025. The analysis considered a 25 year period. The annual costs to implement, operate, and maintain each system were adjusted to 2003 dollars. This summary report presents the findings of the Cincinnati ITS full deployment scenario.

ITS Strategies

Extracted from Table 1 in the source report, the details of the ITS strategies for the Cincinnati full-deployment scenario are presented below.

Strategy		Deployment	Coverage
Arterial Traffic Management Systems	Central Control Signal Coordination	1,700 intersections	100% of major and minor arterials
	Emergency Vehicle Signal Preemption	1,850 intersections	100% of intersections
		1,000 emergency vehicles	100% of emergency vehicles
	Transit Vehicle Signal Priority	40 intersections	5% of urban intersections
		30 transit vehicles	5% of fixed-route transit vehicles
	Highway Advisory Radio	35 transceivers	100% of major arterial corridors
	Dynamic Message Signs	20 locations	100% of major arterial corridors
Freeway Management Systems	Central Control Ramp Metering	83 on-ramps	35% of on-ramps
	Highway Advisory Radio	813 transceivers	70% of freeway miles
	Dynamic Message Signs	65 locations	100% of urban freeway miles
Transit Management Systems	Fixed Route Automated Scheduling and Automatic Vehicle Location	700 transit vehicles	100% fixed-route transit vehicles
	Fixed Route Security Systems	700 transit vehicles	100%fixed–route transit vehicles
		20 transit stations	100% of major transit transfer stations and park-and-ride locations
Incident Management System	Incident Detection, Verification, Response, and Management	32 freeway service patrol vehicles	100% of freeway and expressway miles
Emergency Management Systems	Emergency Vehicle Control Service	1,000 emergency vehicles	100% of emergency vehicles
	Emergency Vehicle AVL	1,000 emergency vehicles	100% of emergency vehicles
	Telemedicine	100 ambulances	100% ambulances
Electronic Payment Systems	Electronic Transit Fare Payment	700 transit vehicles	100% of fixed-route transit vehicles
Traveler Information	Telephone– and Web–Based	Region-wide	40% market penetration
	Traveler Information System
	Kiosk–Based Traveler Information	10 kiosks	100% of major arterial at-grade rail crossings
Crash Prevention and Safety	Railroad Crossing Monitoring Systems	40 rail crossings	10% of major arterial at–grade rail crossings
Commercial Vehicle Operations	Weigh–in–Motion and Safety Information Exchange	4 check stations	100% of check stations
	Combination Screening and Clearance–Credentials and Safety	4 check stations	40% market penetration
		60,000 equipped commercial vehicles
Weather Mitigation Strategies	Road Weather Information Systems	10 remote weather stations	100% of region
	Advanced Traveler Information Systems	One interface	100% of region
Work Zone Mitigation Strategies	Work Zone Highway Advisory Radio	6 locations	High priority locations
	Work Zone Dynamic Message Signs	6 locations	High priority locations
	Work Zone Information Dissemination (Phone and Internet)	One interface	100% of region
	Work Zone Closed Circuit Cameras for Incident Management	12 locations	High priority locations
	Lane Merging Applications	8 locations	100% of major work zones
	Alternative Route Management	30 intersections	Routes paralleling work zone locations
	Alternative Work Hours/ Contracting Techniques	Region-wide policies	100% of major work zones
Supporting Deployments	Traffic Management Center	One	100% of region
	Emergency Management	One	100% of region
	Information Service Provider Center	One	100% of region
	Traffic Surveillance - Closed Circuit Television	1,100 locations	100% of freeway, expressway, and urban arterial miles
	Traffic Surveillance - Loop Detectors	2,245 locations	100% of freeway, expressway, and urban arterial miles

The table below, extracted from the source report (Table 5), shows the annual average life-cycle costs required to implement, operate, and maintain the ITS strategies identified above. The estimated annual cost was $98.2 million for the full ITS deployment and operations in the Cincinnati metropolitan area.

ITS Deployment Strategies	Annualized Life-cycle cost (2003 Dollars)	Percentage of total costs
Arterial management systems	$7.6 million	7.7%
Freeway management systems	$4.3 million	4.4%
Transit management systems	$3.5 million	3.6%
Incident management systems	$6.4 million	6.6%
Emergency management systems	$1.8 million	1.8%
Electronic payment systems	$2.4 million	2.4%
Traveler information	$2.2 million	2.2%
Crash prevention and safety	$1.4 million	1.4%
Commercial vehicle operations	$23.1 million	23.5%
Supporting deployments	$45.4 million	46.2%
Weather and work zone mitigation strategies	$0.9 million	1%
Total costs	$98.2 million	100%
Private sector costs	$22.4 million	22.8%
Public sector costs	$75.8 million	77.2%

The public sector was expected to fund 77.2 percent of the ITS strategies and the private sector 22.8 percent. The private sector funds were to be used to equip the commercial trucks to enable automated screening and clearance of the trucks at check stations.

One of the strategies identified was emergency management systems. Deployment data included the number of emergency vehicles and ambulances equipped with control service, automated vehicle location, and telemedicine. At full deployment, 100 emergency vehicles and 100 ambulances were estimated to be equipped with ITS devices. The annualized life-cycle costs of emergency management systems were estimated at $1.8 million for Cincinnati.